Iav
Cov iav yog ib qho non-crystalline, amorphous khoom uas feem ntau yog pob tshab thiab muaj ntau cov tswv yim, kev siv, thiab kev siv cov khoom siv, piv txwv li, qhov rai qhov chaw, cov tais diav ntim khoom, thiab cov kws kho mob ua haujlwm.Tej feem ntau paub, thiab keeb kwm lub hnub nyoog, hom iav yog " (silicon dioxide, los yog quartz), lub hauv paus xub thawj ntawm cov xuab zeb.Lub sij hawm iav, nyob rau hauv nrov usa-ge, feem ntau yog siv los ntawm tsuas yog siv hom khoom no, uas yog tus paub los ntawm kev siv ua qhov rais iav thiab iav fwj.Yog muaj ntau lub iav tsom iav uas muaj tshwm sim, zoo tib yam glazing thiab thawv iav yog tsim los ntawm ib hom kev hu ua dej qab-txiv qaub iav, muaj li ntawm 75% silicon dioxide (SiO2), sodi - um oxide (Na2O) los ntawm sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), calcium oxide (CaO), kuj hu ua txiv qaub, thiab ob peb tus menyuam yaus ntxiv.
Muaj ntau daim ntaub ntawv ntawm silicate tsom iav los ntawm lawv qhov muag pleev qhov muag, muab nce mus rau lawv qhov kev siv nyiaj ua haujlwm-saib ua qhov siv qhov rai sab nrauv.Glass yuav xa, muaj kev cuam tshuam thiab ua kom pom kev zoo: cov kev zoo no muaj peev xwm ua kom zoo dua thiab txiav kom pom cov iav khom qhov muag, , thiab optical fibers rau kev kub ceev cov ntaub ntawv kis tau los ntawm lub teeb.Glass tuaj yeem dawb los ntawm ntxiv metallic ntsev, thiab kuj tau pleev xim thiab luam nrog vitreous enamels.These zoo tau coj mus rau nws kim heev siv iav hauv lub manufactur -e ntawm kos duab khoom thiab hauv particular, stained iav qhov rais.Txawm tias brittle, silicate iav yog tsis tshua muaj dur -able, thiab ntau yam piv txwv ntawm iav tawg uas muaj los ntawm cov iav thaum ntxov-kev cai. Vim cam tau ua los yog molded rau hauv cov duab, nws tau raug kev lig kev cai siv rau cov hlab ntsha: cov tais, cov vases, cov thawv ntim, cov thawv ntim thiab cov tsom iav. Hauv nws cov ntaub ntawv zoo tshaj plaws nws kuj tau siv rau cov ntawv, pob zeb, thiab bea -ds.Thaum extruded li iav fiber thiab matted li iav ntaub plaub nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev los t tsom cua, nws ua ib cov khoom cua thermal insulating, thiab thaum cov iav fibers muaj embedded rau hauv organic polymer yas, lawv yog ib qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv fiberglass. Ib cov khoom dabneeg yog li feem ntau ua los ntawm silicate iav uas lawv tsuas yog hu ua los ntawm lub npe ntawm cov khoom, xws li haus tsom iav thiab tsom iav.
Lub tswv yim "iav" feem ntau txhais tau tias nyob hauv lub ntsiab lus zoo tshaj plaws, uas muaj txhua yam khoom uas muaj peev xwm ua rau tsis-crystalline (uas yog, zoo nkauj) cov qauv ntawm atomic scale thiab uas ua pov thawj lub iav tran-sition thaum rhuab ntawm cov kua state.Porcelains thiab ntau polymer thermoplastics paub fro -m niaj hnub siv yog tsom iav.These hom ntawm tsom iav tau ua ntawm ntau yam ntaub ntawv ntau dua li silica: metallic alloys, ionic melts, aqueous ntsiab, molecular kua, thiab polymers.Rau ntau app -nyob, zoo li iav fwj los yog iav, iav polymer (acrylic iav, polycarbonate los yog polyethylene terephthalate) yog ib qho yooj yim tshaj cov iav.
